A saturated map of common genetic variants associated with human height

Grants

Funding Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the participants in each cohorts contributing to this study. Additional acknowledgements are provided in the Supplementary Information. Support for title page creation and format was provided by AuthorArranger, a tool developed at the National Cancer Institute. This research was supported by the following funding bodies. US National Institutes of Health (NIH): 75N92021D00001, 75N92021D00002, 75N92021D00003, 75N92021D00004, 75N92021D00005, AA07535, AA10248, AA014041, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, DA12854, U01 DK062418, HHSN268201800005I, HHSN268201800007I, HHSN268201800003I, HHSN268201800006I, HHSN268201800004I, R01 CA55069, R35 CA53890, R01 CA80205, R01 CA144034, HHSN268201200008I, EY022310, 1X01HG006934-01, R01DK118427, R21DK105913, HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268200960009C, HHSN268201800001C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, 75N92021D00006, U01HL080295, R01HL085251, R01HL087652, R01HL105756, R01HL103612, R01HL120393, U01HL130114, R01AG023629, UL1TR001881, DK063491, R01 HL095056, 1R01HL139731 (S. A. Lubitz), R01HL157635 (S. A. Lubitz, P.T.E.), 1RO1HL092577 (P.T.E.), K24HL105780 (P.T.E.), HHSC268200782096C, R01 DK087914, R01 DK066358, R01 DK053591, 1K08HG010155 (A.V.K.), 1U01HG011719 (A.V.K.), U01 HG004436, P30 DK072488, HHSN268200782096C, U01 HG 004446, R01 NS45012, U01 NS069208-01, R01-NS114045 (J.W.C.), R01-NS100178 (J.W.C.), R01-NS105150 (J.W.C.), HL043851, HL080467, CA047988, UM1CA182913, U01HG008657, U01HG008685, U01HG008672, U01HG008666, U01HG006379, U01HG008679, U01HG008680, U01HG008684, U01HG008673, U01HG008701, U01HG008676, U01HG008664, U54MD007593, UL1TR001878, R01-DK062370 (M.B.), R01-DK072193 (K.L.M.), intramural project number 1Z01-HG000024 (F.S.C.), N01-HG-65403, DA044283, DA042755, DA037904, AA009367, DA005147, DA036216, 5-P60-AR30701, 5-P60-AR49465, N01-AG-1-2100, HHSN271201200022C, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, R-35-HL135824 (C.J.W.), AA-12502, AA-00145, AA-09203, AA15416, K02AA018755, UM1 CA186107, P01 CA87969, R01 CA49449, U01 CA176726, R01 CA67262, UM1CA167552, CA141298, P01CA055075, CA141298, HL54471, HL54472, HL54473, HL54495, HL54496, HL54509, HL54515, U24 MH068457-06, R01D0042157-01A1, RO1 MH58799-03, MH081802, 1RC2MH089951-01, 1RC2 MH089995, R01 DK092127-04, R01DK110113 (R.J.F.L.), R01DK075787 (R.J.F.L.), R01DK107786 (R.J.F.L.), R01HL142302 (R.J.F.L.), R01HG010297 (R.J.F.L.), R01DK124097 (R.J.F.L.), R01HL151152 (R.J.F.L.), R01-HL046380, KL2-RR024990, R35-HL135818, R01-HL113338, R35HL135818 (S. Redline), HL 046389 (S. Redline), HL113338 (S. Redline), K01 HL135405 (B.E.C.), R03 HL154284 (B.E.C.), R01HL086718, HG011052 (X. Zhu), N01-HC-25195, HHSN268201500001I, N02-HL-6-4278, R01-DK122503, U01AG023746, U01AG023712, U01AG023749, U01AG023755, U01AG023744, U19AG063893, R01-DK-089256, R01HL117078, R01 HL09135701, R01 HL091357, R01 HL104135, R37-HL045508, R01-HL053353, R01-DK075787, U01-HL054512, R01-HL074166, R01-HL086718, R01-HG003054, U01HG004423, U01HG004446, U01HG004438, DK078150, TW005596, HL085144, RR020649, ES010126, DK056350, R01DK072193, R01 HD30880, R01 AG065357, R01DK104371, R01HL108427, Fogarty grant D43 TW009077, 263 MD 9164, 263 MD 821336, N.1-AG-1-1, N.1-AG-1-2111, HHSN268201800013I, HHSN268201800014I, HHSN268201800015I, HHSN268201800010I, HHSN268201800011I and HHSN268201800012I, KL2TR002490 (L.M.R.), T32HL129982 (L.M.R.), R01AG056477, R01AG034454, R01 HD056465, U01 HL054457, U01 HL054464, U01 HL054481, R01 HL119443, R01 HL087660, U01AG009740, RC2 AG036495, RC4 AG039029, U01AG009740 (W. Zhao.), RC2 AG036495 (W. Zhao.), RC4 AG039029 (W. Zhao.), 75N92020D00001, HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, 75N92020D00005, N01-HC-95160, 75N92020D00002, N01-HC-95161, 75N92020D00003, N01-HC-95162, 75N92020D00006, N01-HC-95163, 75N92020D00004, N01-HC-95164, 75N92020D00007, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, N01-HC-95169, UL1-TR-000040, UL1-TR-001079, UL1-TR-001420, N02-HL-64278, UL1TR001881, DK063491, R01-HL088457, R01-HL-60030, R01-HL067974, R01-HL-55005, R01-HL 067974, R01HL111249, R01HL11124904S1, U01HL54527, U01HL54498, EY014684, EY014684-03S1, EY014684-04S1, DK063491, S10OD017985, S10RR025141, UL1TR002243, UL1TR000445, UL1RR024975, U01HG004798, R01NS032830, RC2GM092618, P50GM115305, U01HG006378, U19HL065962, R01HD074711, 5K08HL135275 (R.W.M.), R01 HL77398 (B.L.), NR013520 (Y.V.S.), DK125187 (Y.V.S.), HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700002I, HHSN268201700003I, HHSN268201700004I, HHSN268201700005I, R01HL087641, R01HL086694, U01HG004402, HHSN268200625226C, UL1RR025005, U01HG007416, R01DK101855, 15GRNT25880008, N01-HC65233, N01-HC65234, N01-HC65235, N01-HC65236, N01-HC65237, U01HG007376, HHSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, HHSN271201100004C, N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106, R01-AG028050, R01-NR012459, P30AG10161, P30AG72975, R01AG17917, RF1AG15819, R01AG30146, U01AG46152, U01AG61256, AG000513, R01 HD58886, R01 HD100406, N01-HD-1-3228, N01-HD-1-3329, N01-HD-1-3330, N01-HD-1-3331, N01-HD-1-3332, N01-HD-1-3333, UL1 TR000077, R01 HD056465 (S.F.A.G.), R01 HG010067 (S.F.A.G.), R01CA64277, R01CA15847, UM1CA182910, R01CA148677, R01CA144034, UM1 CA182876, R01DK075787, R01DK075787 (J.N.H.), ZIA CP010152-20, U19 CA 148537-01, U01 CA188392, X01HG007492, HHSN268201200008I, Z01CP010119, R01-CA080122, R01-CA056678, R01-CA082664, R01-CA092579, K05-CA175147, P30-CA015704, CA063464, CA054281, CA098758, CA164973, R01CA128813, K25 HL150334 (R. E. Mukamel), DP2 ES030554 (P.-R.L.), U19 CA148065, CA128978, 1U19 CA148537, 1U19 CA148065, 1U19 CA148112, U01 DK062418, U01-DK105535 (M.I.M.), R01HL24799 NIHHLB, U01 DK105556, DK093757 (K.L.M.), HL129982 and T32 HL007055 (H. H. Highland). Wellcome Trust: 068545/Z/02, 076113/B/04/Z, Strategic Award 079895, 090532/Z/09/Z, 203141/Z/16/Z, 201543/B/16/Z, 084723/Z/08/Z, 090532, 098381, 217065/Z/19/Z, WT088806, WT092830/Z/10/Z, 202802/Z/16/Z (N.J.T.), 217065/Z/19/Z (N.J.T.), 216767/Z/19/Z, 104036/Z/14/Z, 098051, WT098051, 212946/Z/18/Z, 202922/Z/16/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z, 221854/Z/20/Z, 212904/Z/18/Z, WT095219MA, 068545/Z/02, 076113, 090532 (M.I.M.), 098381 (M.I.M.), 106130 (M.I.M.), 203141 (M.I.M.), 212259 (M.I.M.), 072960/Z/03/Z, 084726/Z/08/Z, 084727/Z/08/Z, 085475/Z/08/Z, 085475/B/08/Z, 212945/Z/18/Z (J.S.K.). UK Medical Research Council: G0000934, MR/N013166/1 (P.R.H.J.T.), MR/N013166/1 (K.A.K.), U. MC_UU_00007/10, G0601966, G0700931, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit MC_UU_00011/1 (N.J.T., R. E. Mitchell), MC_UU_00019/1, G9521010D (the BRIGHT Study), MC_UU_12015/1, MC_PC_13046, MC_ PC_13049, MC-PC-14135, MC_UU_00017/1, MC_UU_12026/2, MC_U137686851, K013351, R024227, MC_UU_00007/10, MR/M016560/1, G1001799, MC_PC_20026 (L. J. Smyth). Cancer Research UK: CRUK Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme C18281/A29019 (N.J.T.), C16077/A29186, C500/A16896, C5047/A7357, C1287/A10118, C1287/A16563, C5047/A3354, C5047/A10692, C16913/A6135, C5047/A1232, C490/A10124, C1287/A16563, C1287/A10118, C1287/A10710, C12292/A11174, C1281/A12014, C5047/A8384, C5047/A15007, C5047/A10692, C8197/A16565. Australian Research Council: DP0770096 (P. M.Visscher), DP1093502 (M.E.G.), DE200100425 (L. Yengo), FL180100072 (P. M. Visscher). Australian National Health and Medical Research Council: 241944, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 496688, 552485, 613672, 613601, 1011506, 1172917 (S.E.M.), 572613, 403981, 1059711, 1027449, 1044840, 1021858, 974159, 211069, 457349, 512423, 302010, 571013, 1154518 (D.A.M.), 1103329 (A.W.H.), 1186500 (D.F.), 209057, 396414, 1074383, 390130, 1009458, 1113400 (P. M. Visscher, Jian Yang). UK National Institute for Health Research Centres: Barts Biomedical Research Centre (P. Deloukas, S.K.), Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Health Protection Research Unit on Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, RP-PG-0407-10371, Official Development Assistance award 16/136/68, the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre BRC-1215-2001 (N.J.T.), Academic Clinical Fellowship (S.J.H.), Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre BRC-1215-20010 (C.P.N., P.S.B., N.J.S.), Barts Biomedical Research Centre and Queen Mary University of London, Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Clinical Research Facility and Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London (M. Mangino, P.C.), Biomedical Research Centre at The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Biomedical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. European Union: 018996, LSHG-CT-2006-018947, HEALTH-F2-2013-601456, ERA-CVD program grant 01KL1802 (S.W.v.d.L.), 305739, 727565, FP/2007-2013 ERC grant agreement number 310644 MACULA, LSHM-CT-2007-037273, SOC 95201408 05F02, SOC 98200769 05F02, LSHM-CT-2006-037593, 279143, iHealth-T2D 643774, 223004, Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 786833 (J.R.), 810645, FP7-HEALTH-F4-2007 grant number 201413 and 9602768, QLG1-CT-2001-01252, LSHG-CT-2006-01894 (I.R., A.F.W., V.V.), 733100, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, LSHG-CT-2006-01947), HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, QLG2-CT-2002-01254, FP7 project number 602633, H2020 project numbers 634935 and 633784, HEALTH-F2-2009-223175, IMI-SUMMIT program, H2020 grants 755320 and 848146 (S.W.v.d.L.), BigData@Heart grant EU IMI 116074 (P. Kirchhof). European Regional Development Fund: 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012, 2014-2020.4.01.160125 (A. Metspalu), 539/2010 A31592, 2014-2020.4.01.16-0030. Netherlands Heart Foundation: CVON 2011/B019 (S.W.v.d.L.), CVON 2017-20 (S.W.v.d.L.), NHS2010B233, NHS2010B280, CVON 2014-9 (M.R.). British Heart Foundation: Centre for Research Excellence (H.W.), RG/14/5/30893 (P. Deloukas), FS/14/66/3129 (O.G.), SP/04/002, SP/16/4/32697 (C.P.N.), CH/1996001/9454, 32334 (M. Kivimaki.), RG/17/1/32663, FS/13/43/30324 (P. Kirchhof), PG/17/30/32961 (P. Kirchhof), PG/20/22/35093 (P. Kirchhof). US Department of Veterans Affairs: Baltimore Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center; IK2-CX001780 (S.M.D.), I01-BX004821, MVP 001, IK2-CX001907 (S. Raghavan). American Heart Association: 18SFRN34250007 (S. A. Lubitz), 18SFRN34110082 (P.T.E.), 17IBDG33700328 (J.W.C.), 15GPSPG23770000 (J.W.C.), 15POST24470131 (C.N.S.), 17POST33650016 (C.N.S.), 19CDA34760258 (H.X.). Leducq Fondation: `PlaqOmics' (Ather-Express, S.W.v.d.L), 14CVD01 (P.T.E.). Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO: GB-MW 940-38-011, ZonMW Brainpower grant 100-001-004, ZonMw Risk Behavior and Dependence grant 60-60600-97-118, ZonMw Culture and Health grant 261-98-710, GB-MaGW 480-01-006, GB-MaGW 480-07-001, GB-MaGW 452-04-314, GB-MaGW 452-06-004, 175.010.2003.005, 481-08-013, 481-11-001, Vici 016.130.002, 453-16007/2735, Gravitation 024.001.003, 480-05-003, NWO/SPI 56-464-14192, 480-15-001/674, ZonMW grant number 916.19.151 (H.H.H.A.), ZonMw grant 95103007, 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012, ZonMw grant 6130.0031, VIDI 016-065-318 (D.P.), Vidi 016.096.309. European Research Council: ERC-2017-STG-757364, ERC-CoG-2015-681466, CoG-2015_681742_NASCENT (I.J.), ERC-2011-StG 280559-SEPI, ERC-STG-2015-679242, 742927, ERC-230374. Swedish Research Council: 2017-02554, 349-2006-237, 2009-1039, Linne grant number 349-2006-237, 2016-06830 (G.H.), 2017-00641, grant for the Swedish Infrastructure for Medical Population-based Life-course Environmental Research. Novo Nordisk Foundation: 12955 (B.F.), NNF18CC0034900, NNF15OC0015896, NNF18CC0034900, NNF15CC0018486, NNF20oC0062294 (T. Karaderi). Academy of Finland: 77299, 124243, 285547 EGEA, 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 264146, 308248, 312073, 265240, 263278, Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics grant number 312062, 329202 (M. Kivimaki), 322098, 206374, 251360, 276861, 322098, 286284, 134309 (Eye), 126925, 121584, 124282, 129378 (Salve), 117787 (Gendi), and 41071 (Skidi), 263401 (L. Groop), 267882 (L. Groop), 312063 (L. Groop), 336822 (L. Groop), 312072 (T.T.), 336826 (T.T.). German Federal Ministry of Education and Research: 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103, 01ZZ0403, 03IS2061A, 03ZIK012, 01EA1801A (G.E.D.), 01ER0804 (K.-U.E.), BMBF 01ER1206 and BMBF 01ER1507 (I.M.H.), BMBF projects 01EG0401, 01GI0856, 01GI0860, 01GS0820_WB2-C, 01ER1001D, 01GI0205. Additional funding came from the following sources. The University of Newcastle Strategic Initiatives Fund; the Gladys M Brawn Senior Research Fellowship scheme; Vincent Fairfax Family Foundation; The Hunter Medical Research Institute; the Nagahama City Office and the Zeroji Club; the Center of Innovation Program, the Global University Project from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases (ek0109070, ek0109283, ek0109196, ek0109348), and the Program for an Integrated Database of Clinical and Genomic Information (kk0205008), from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; Takeda Medical Research Foundation; Astellas Pharma, Inc.; Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; JSPS KAKENHI (22H00476), AMED (JP21gm4010006, JP22km0405211, JP22ek0410075, JP22km0405217, JP22ek0109594), JST Moonshot R&D (JPMJMS2021, JPMJMS2024) (Y.O.); Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium; the French Ministry of Research; the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government CZB/4/276 and CZB/4/710; Arthritis Research UK; Royal Society URF (J.F.W.); the Atlantic Philanthropies; the UK Economic and Social Research Council awards ES/L008459/1 and ES/L008459/1; the UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health Northern Ireland; the Centre for Ageing Research and Development in Ireland; the Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister; the Health and Social Care Research and Development Division of the Public Health Agency; the Wellcome Trust/Wolfson Foundation; Queen's University Belfast; the Science Foundation Ireland-Department for the Economy Award 15/IA/3152 (NICOLA); NI HSC R&D division STL/5569/19 (L. J.Smyth); the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) number 5571/DSPAR/2002 (OGP study); GlaxoSmithKline; the Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne; the Swiss National Science Foundation grants 33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401 and 33CS30_177535/1; the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank; the Canadian Institutes of Health Research PJT 156248; the Canada Research Chair Program, Genome Quebec and Genome Canada, and the Montreal Heart Institute Foundation (G.L.); the Strategic Priority CAS Project grant number XDB38000000, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project grant number 2017SHZDZX01 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number 81970684; the National Medical Research Council (grants 0796/2003, 1176/2008, 1149/2008, STaR/0003/2008, 1249/2010, CG/SERI/2010, CIRG/1371/2013 and CIRG/1417/2015) and the Biomedical Research Council (grants 08/1/35/19/550 and 09/1/35/19/616) of Singapore; the Ministry of Health, Singapore; the National University of Singapore and the National University Health System, Singapore; the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; Kuwait Foundation for Advancements of Sciences (The KODGP); the Oogfonds, MaculaFonds, Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden, Stichting Blindenhulp, Stichting A.F. Deutman Oogheelkunde Researchfonds; in Mexico, the Fondo Sectorial de Investigacion en Salud y Seguridad Social SSA/IMSS/ISSSTECONACYT project 150352; Temas Prioritarios de Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social 2014-FIS/IMSS/PROT/PRIO/14/34; the Fundacion IMSS; Compute Ontario (https://www.computeontario.ca/) and the Digital Research Alliance of Canada (https://alliancecan.ca/); CIHR Operating grants and a CIHR New Investigator Award (E.J.P.); the Westlake Education Foundation (Jian Yang); AstraZeneca; a Miguel Servet contract from the ISCIII Spanish Health Institute number CP17/00142 and co-financed by the European Social Fund (M.S.-L.); the Dutch Ministry of Justice; the European Science Foundation EuroSTRESS project FP-006; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure BBMRI-NL award CP 32; Accare Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; the Dutch Brain Foundation; the Federal Ministry of Science, Germany award 01 EA 9401; German Cancer Aid award 70-2488-Ha I; the participating Departments, the Division and the Board of Directors of the Leiden University Medical Centre and the Leiden University, Research Profile Area `Vascular and Regenerative Medicine'; Research Project For Excellence.../SIEMENS; the Wake Forest School of Medicine grant M01 RR07122 and Venture Fund; the Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology award PENED 2003; the MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health; the Singapore Ministry of Health's National Medical Research Council under its Singapore Translational Research Investigator (STaR) Award NMRC/STaR/0028/2017 (J.C.C); the German Research Foundation Project-ID 431984000 -SFB 1453 (M. Wuttke, A. Kottgen); the KfH Foundation for Preventive Medicine, and Bayer Pharma AG; the German Research Foundation grant KO 3598/5-1 (A. Kottgen); the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases; the Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig; the Free State of Saxony; the Medical Research Funds from Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (H.-N.K.); the Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; AstraZeneca (P.M.R., D.I.C.); Amgen (P.M.R., D.I.C.); a gift from the Smilow family; the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; the University of Bristol; a comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website; the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health awards S043, S1734 and S3486, and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention awards U01 DP003206 and U01 DP006266; the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania; Hjartavernd (the Icelandic Heart Association), and the Althingi (the Icelandic Parliament); Bristol Myers Squibb; the Netherlands Genomics Initiative's Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging grant 050-060-810; the Netherlands Heart Foundation grant 2001 D 032 (J.W.J.); the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates award CZD/16/6, the Scottish Funding Council award HR03006; the Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Central Norway Regional Health Authority; the Medical Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant FRN-CCT-83028 (The Quebec Family Study); Pfizer; the Servier Research Group; Leo Laboratories; Estonian Research Council grants PUT 1371, EMBO Installation grant 3573, and The European Regional Development Fund project no. 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012 (K. Lull, A. Metspalu); the Estonian Research Council grants PUT PRG687, PRG1291 (EBB, T.E.); the University of Oulu grant number 24000692, Oulu University Hospital grant number 24301140; the Austrian Science Fond grant numbers P20545-P05 and P13180, the Austrian National Bank Anniversary Fund award number P15435, the Austrian Ministry of Science under the aegis of the EU Joint Programme-Neurodegenerative Disease Research (https://www.neurodegenerationresearch.eu/), the Austrian Science Fund P20545-B05, and the Medical University of Graz (ASPS); Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; the Broad Institute; the Grant of National Center for Global Health and Medicine; the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) from the Japan Science Technology Agency; the Program for Promotion of Fundamental Studies in Health Sciences, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation Organization; the Grant of National Center for Global Health and Medicine; the German Research Foundation awards HE 3690/7-1 (I.M.H.) and BR 6028/2-1; funds from THL and various domestic foundations (The FINRISK surveys); Business Finland through the Personalized Diagnostics and Care program, SalWe grant number 3986/31/2013; the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, the Sigrid Juselius Foundation and University of Helsinki HiLIFE Fellow and Grand Challenge grants (S. Ralhan); the Finnish innovation fund Sitra and Finska Lakaresallskapet (E.W.); Netherlands Twin Registry Repository and the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure awards BBMRI-NL, 184.021.007 and 184.033.111; Amsterdam Public Health and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; the Avera Institute for Human Genetics (The Netherlands Twin Register); the KNAW Academy Professor Award PAH/6635 (D.I.B.); the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Geestkracht program grant 10-000-1002; the Center for Medical Systems Biology, Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure; VU University's Institutes for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam; University Medical Center Groningen; Leiden University Medical Center; the Genetic Association Information Network of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; the BiG Grid, the Dutch e-Science Grid; The Lundbeck Foundation; the Stanley Medical Research Institute; the Aarhus and Copenhagen universities and university hospitals; the Danish National Biobank resource supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation; the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center; the Economic & Social Research Council award ES/H029745/1; American Diabetes Association Innovative and Clinical Translational Award 1-19-ICTS-068 (J.M.M.); SIGMA; Consejo Naconal de Ciencia y Tecnologia CONACYT grants 2092, M9303, F677M9407, 251M 2005COI (C.G.-V.); the Danish National Research Foundation; the Danish Pharmacists' Fund; the Egmont Foundation; the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; the Augustinus Foundation; the Health Fund of the Danish Health Insurance Societies; the Oak Foundation fellowship (B.F.); the Nordic Center of Excellence in Health-Related e-Sciences (Xueping Liu); Grants-in-Aid from MEXT numbers 24390169, 16H05250, 15K19242, 16H06277, 19K19434, 20K10514, 21H03206, and a grant from the Funding Program for Next-Generation World-Leading Researchers number LS056; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt.of India; the Lundbeck Foundation grant number R16-A1694; the Danish Ministry of Health grant number 903516; the Danish Council for Strategic Research grant number 0603-00280B; and The Capital Region Research Foundation; the Danish Research Council; the Danish Centre for Health Technology Assessment; Novo Nordisk; Research Foundation of Copenhagen County; Danish Ministry of Internal Affairs and Health; the Danish Heart Foundation; the Danish Pharmaceutical Association; the Ib Henriksen Foundation; the Becket Foundation; and the Danish Diabetes Association; the Velux Foundation; The Danish Medical Research Council; Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation; The Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation; ALK-Abello A/S, Horsholm, Denmark; and Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark; the Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bang's Foundation; the Danish Heart Foundation grant number 07-10-R61-A1754-B838-22392F; the Health Insurance Foundation (Helsefonden) grant number 2012B233 (Health2008); TrygFonden grant number 7-11-0213, the Lundbeck Foundation award R155-2013-14070; the Danish Research Council for Independent Research and by Region of Southern Denmark; the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation; the German Research Council DFG projects EI 969/2-3, ER 155/6-1;6-2, HO 3314/2-1;2-2;2-3;4-3, INST 58219/32-1, JO 170/8-1, KN 885/3-1, PE 2309/2-1, SI 236/8-1;9-1;10-1; the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology, North Rhine-Westphalia; Academia Sinica; the Office of Population Studies Foundation in Cebu; the China-Japan Friendship Hospital; Ministry of Health, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai; Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control; the National Institute for Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention; the Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant MOP-82893; WA Health, Government of Western Australia Future Health WA grant G06302; Safe Work Australia; the University of Western Australia (UWA); Curtin University; Women and Infants Research Foundation; Telethon Kids Institute; Edith Cowan University; Murdoch University; The University of Notre Dame Australia; The Raine Medical Research Foundation; the Italian Ministry of Health award ICS110.1/RF97.71; Hong Kong Kadoorie Charitable Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China award 91846303; National Key Research and Development Program of China awards 2016YFC 0900500, 0900501, 0900504, 1303904; the KfH Stiftung Praventivmedizin e.V. (C.A.B.); the Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung (2012_A147); the University Hospital Regensburg; the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) Project-ID 387509280 -SFB 1350 (Subproject C6); the European Union/EFPIA/JDRF Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking grant number 115974; German Research Foundation DFG BO 3815/4-1 (C.A.B.); the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation; Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (A. Poveda); VIAgenomics number SP/19/2/344612; the Strategic Cardiovascular Program of Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council; the Foundation for Strategic Research and the Stockholm County Council number 560283; the ALF/LUA research grant in Gothenburg; the Torsten Soderberg Foundation; the ESRC grants ES/S007253/1, ES/T002611/1, and ES/T014083/1 (M.Kumari); Beijing Municipal of Health Reform and Development Project 2019-4 (Beijing Eye Study); the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; a Research Development Award from the Cotswold Foundation; the Children ' s Hospital of Philadelphia Endowed Chair in Genomic Research; the Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research; the Italian Ministry of Universities grant IDF SHARID ARS01_01270; the Assessorato Ricerca Regione Campania grant POR CAMPANIA 2000/2006 MISURA 3.16; the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport; the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs; the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG the Netherlands); University of Groningen and the Northern Provinces of the Netherlands; the UMCG Genetics Lifelines Initiative supported by a Spinoza Grant from NWO; University of Michigan discretionary funds; National Institute of Health, Republic of Korea grants 4845-301, 4851-302, 4851-307; Korea National Institute of Health intramural grant 2019-NG-053-02; the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea award A102065; the National Research Foundation of Korea grant 2020R1I1A2075302 (Y.S.C.); the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant NRF-2020R1A2C1012931; the Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science, Education and Sports research grant 108-1080315-0302; the Eye Birth Defects Foundation; the National Science Council, Taiwan grant NSC 98-2314-B-075A-002-MY3; the Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan grant TCVGH-1003001C; AFNET; EHRA; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); German heart Foundation (DSF); the State of Brandenburg DZD grant 82DZD00302; Sanofi; Abbott; the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute; NSW Health; the Center for Translational Molecular Medicine, the University Medical Center Groningen; the Dutch Kidney Foundation grant E0.13; the Netherlands Cardiovascular Research Initiative; the Dell Loy Hansen Heart Foundation (M. J. Cutler); Biosense Webster, ImriCor, and ADAS software (S.N.); the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation grant 2019-0526; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research grant IRC15-0067; Skane University Hospital; governmental funding of clinical research within the Swedish National Health Service; the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (J.G.S.); the Boettcher Foundation Webb Waring Biomedical Research Award (S.Raghavan); the Translational Genomics Research Institute; the Singapore National Medical Research Council grant 1270/2010, and the National Research Foundation, Singapore project 370062002; the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC; the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly grant 014-93-015; the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging project 050-060-810; the Dutch Dairy Association NZO; Netherlands Consortium Healthy Aging, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation project KB-15-004-003; Wageningen University; VU University Medical Center; and Erasmus MC; The Folkhalsan Research Foundation; Nordic Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics; Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation; Foundation for Life and Health in Finland; Finnish Medical Society; Helsinki University Central Hospital Research Foundation; Perklen Foundation; Ollqvist Foundation; Narpes Health Care Foundation; Municipal Heath Care Center and Hospital in Jakobstad; and Health Care Centers in Vasa, Narpes and Korsholm; the Institute of Cancer Research and The Everyman Campaign; The Prostate Cancer Research Foundation; Prostate Research Campaign UK (now PCUK); The Orchid Cancer Appeal; Rosetrees Trust; The National Cancer Research Network UK; The National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) UK; the Movember Foundation grants D2013-36 and D2013-17; the Morris and Horowitz Families Endowed Professorship; the Swedish Cancer Foundation; Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut National du Cancer (INCa); Fondation ARC; Fondation de France; Agence Nationale de securite sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES); Ligue departementale du Val de Marne; the Baden Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts; The Ronald and Rita McAulay Foundation; Cancer Australia; AICR Netherlands A10-0227; Cancer Council Tasmania; Cancer Councils of Victoria and South Australia; Philanthropic donation to Northshore University Health System; FWO Vlaanderen grants G.0684.12N and G.0830.13N; the Belgian federal government grant KPC_29_023; a Concerted Research Action of the KU Leuven grant GOA/15/017; the Spanish Ministry Council Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER grants PI08/1770, PI09/00773-Cantabria, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI15/00069,and RD09/0076/00036; the Fundacion Marques de Valdecilla grant API 10/09; the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation; the Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489; the Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors de Catalunya sponsored by Pla Director d'Oncologia de Catalunya (XBTC); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant CEX2018-000806-S; the Generalitat de Catalunya; the VicHealth and Cancer Council Victoria; Programa Grupos Emergentes; Cancer Genetics Unit, CHUVI Vigo Hospital; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Cancer Australia PdCCRS and Cancer Council Queensland; the California Cancer Research Fund grant 99-00527V-10182; US Public Health Service grants U10CA37429 and 5UM1CA182883; Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute Career Development Award in Cancer Prevention grant 2013-702108; the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe); The Anthony DeNovi Fund; the Donald C. McGraw Foundation; and the St.Louis Men's Group Against Cancer; UK Biobank project 12505; Westlake Education Foundation (Jian Yang); a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award, the Next Generation Fund at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, and a Sloan Research Fellowship (P.-R.L.); the Consortium for Systems Biology (NCSB), the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant GPH-129344; the Ministere de l'Economie et de l'Innovation du Quebec through Genome Quebec grant PSRSIIRI-701; the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation; the US Department of Defence grant W81XWH-10-1-0341; the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) for the CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer; Komen Foundation for the Cure; the Breast Cancer Research Foundation; and the Ovarian Cancer Research Fund; the Economic and Social Research Council grant nu